Renterly

Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board

Rolland Roopchand

Hearings OfficerLandlord and Tenant BoardOntarioBeta

Orders listed2610 against the landlord
Awarded to tenants$122,201avg $468
Awarded to landlords$1,303,339avg $4,994
Fines to the board$0none ordered
Applications dismissed7grounds on each order

Rulings, compared with the board

0.04× the board's rate against tenants

Decided against tenants less often than the board does on comparable applications — 0.04× the board's rate (95% interval 0.00–0.16), across 254 contested orders.

Orders are grouped by who applied and what they applied for, and this member’s record is compared with the board’s on that same mix. Withdrawn, settled and non-attendance dismissals are excluded. It measures how these decisions differ from the board’s on cases of the same type.

Dismissals, compared with the board

Too few dismissals to compare

Fewer than 5 such dismissals have been processed for one or both sides, which is too few to compare them.

Orders

Showing 151–200 of 261
  • No finding against either partyMarch 23, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord and tenant resolved the application regarding persistent late rent payments by entering into a consent order. The tenant agreed to pay weekly rent on time for 52 weeks and reimburse the landlord's $186 filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006466-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant Board295 Jarvis LPRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Persistent late payment

    The tribunal issued a consent order establishing a payment schedule for rent arrears and requiring ongoing rent to be paid on time.

    • Arrears · $5,286 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-008099-26 · L1;L2Landlord and Tenant BoardDaniels Gateway Rental CommunitiesRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 19, 2026$8 Deposit returned
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and tenant reached a mediated consent order resolving the landlord's application for rent arrears and eviction. The order sets out payment terms to void the eviction.

    • Deposit returned · $8
    • Arrears · $1,930 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-106198-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardParkside Square (Phase 2) Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 19, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord and tenant agreed to a mediated consent order regarding rent arrears and persistent late payment. The tenant is ordered to pay $3,708.99 in arrears and costs by March 15, 2026, and to pay future rent on time.

    • Arrears · $3,709 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-008207-26 · L1;L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSifton Properties LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 18, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord and tenant reached a consent order requiring the tenant to pay rent on time for 12 months and reimburse the landlord's filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006366-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardBoardwalk General PartnershipRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 18, 2026$2,049 Deposit returned
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and tenant reached a consent agreement to resolve the landlord's non-payment application. The order outlines payment terms required to void the eviction, accounting for rent arrears, filing fees, and rent deposit interest.

    • Deposit returned · $7
    • Deposit returned · $2,049
    • Arrears · $7,044 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Arrears · $69 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-102756-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardBedford Properties & Estates Ltd.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 17, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord and tenant reached a mediated settlement where the tenant agreed to pay rent on time each month. The landlord may apply under section 78 to terminate the tenancy if the tenant breaches this condition.

    • Tenant shall pay lawful monthly rent on or before the 3rd day of each month from April 3, 2026 to March 3, 2027 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006364-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardLugano View LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 16, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for persistent late payment was resolved by a mediated consent order. The tenant agreed to pay rent on time for nine months, and the landlord waived the filing fee.

    • Landlord waived the application filing fee of $186.00
    • Tenant shall pay monthly rent in full and on time for 9 months from April 1, 2026 to December 1, 2026 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006282-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardBoardwalk General PartnershipRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 16, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for persistent late payment was resolved by a mediated consent order. The tenant agreed to pay rent on time for 12 months and reimburse the landlord's $186 filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Tenant shall pay monthly rent in full and on time for 12 months from April 1, 2026 to March 1, 2027 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006291-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSan Marino Apartments LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 13, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's persistent late payment application was settled by consent in mediation. The tenant agreed to pay rent on time for 12 months and reimburse the landlord's filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006549-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardCoal Harbour Properties LLPRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 13, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's persistent late payment application was settled through mediation on consent. The tenant agreed to pay rent on time for 12 months, pay March rent, and reimburse the filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-006619-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardElm Place Inc. – 1441 Lawrence Ave. E.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 13, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application was resolved on consent through mediation. The tenant agreed to pay rent arrears of $6,572.80 through a monthly payment plan.

    • Arrears · $6,573 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-104850-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardAkelius Canada Ltd.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 13, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's application regarding persistent late payment of rent was resolved by a consent order requiring timely rent payments for 12 months and reimbursement of the filing fee.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-005839-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyBoth applications dismissed · settled by agreementMarch 12, 2026
    • Bad faith eviction

    The tenant's bad-faith notice application and the landlord's cross-application were resolved by mediation on consent, with both applications withdrawn.

    • The Tenant's application is withdrawn on consent pursuant to mediated agreement.
    • The Landlord's application (LTB-L-062929-25) shall be withdrawn on consent pursuant to mediated agreement.
    LTB-T-062007-25 · T5Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 12, 2026
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord and tenant settled the application regarding persistent late payment of rent through mediation. A consent order was issued requiring the tenant to pay rent on time for 12 months.

    • The tenant shall pay the lawful monthly rent in full and on time for a period of 12 months from April 1, 2026 to March 1, 2027. · to the landlord
    LTB-L-005887-26 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardThe Effort Trust CompanyRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 9, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application for rent arrears and eviction was resolved through mediation with a consent order. The tenant agreed to pay $5,186.00 in arrears and costs over a six-month payment plan.

    • Arrears · $5,000 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105982-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 9, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application was resolved by a mediated consent order establishing a payment plan for the tenant to pay $839.00 in rent arrears.

    • Arrears · $839 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-106511-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardVictoria Park Community HomesRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 9, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application for rent arrears and eviction was resolved on consent following mediation. The tenant agreed to a payment plan to repay the outstanding arrears.

    • Arrears · $4,025 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-103082-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardCummings Gardens HomesRead the order (PDF)
  • Decision against tenantMarch 6, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Substantial interference

    The landlord's applications for rent arrears and substantial interference were resolved by a consent order following mediation. The tenancy will terminate on March 31, 2026, unless the tenant voids the eviction by paying $4,281.00, and the tenant must comply with behavioural conditions.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Arrears · $1,241 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Daily compensation of $44.88 from February 19, 2026 until the tenant vacates · to the landlord
    LTB-L-096070-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 6, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Substantial interference

    The tribunal issued a consent order following mediation resolving the landlord's applications for arrears and substantial interference. The tenancy is terminated unless the tenant voids the order by paying the agreed arrears and fees.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Arrears · $1,241 · to the landlord
    • Daily compensation of $44.88 per day starting February 19, 2026 until the tenant vacates if the order is not voided · to the landlord
    • Tenant to comply with conduct conditions regarding noise, civility, pet waste, and property until February 28, 2027 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-012318-26 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • Decision against tenantMarch 5, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application was settled on consent through mediation with a repayment plan. The tenant was ordered to pay $7,066.00 in arrears and costs according to an agreed schedule.

    • Arrears · $7,066 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-104837-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardAkelius Canada Ltd.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 4, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and tenants reached a mediated consent agreement resolving the landlord's non-payment application. The tenants agreed to a payment plan to repay $9,036.00 in rent arrears and costs, failing which the landlord may apply under section 78 to terminate the tenancy.

    • Arrears · $9,036 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-000345-26 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyMarch 3, 2026
    • Personal use eviction
    • Maintenance issues

    The landlord and tenant resolved the landlord's personal use application through mediation, consenting to end the tenancy on July 8, 2026. The tribunal issued a consent order terminating the tenancy and setting daily compensation if the tenant overholds.

    • Repair order
    • Last month's rent deposit shall apply to June 2026 rent
    • Daily compensation of $67.41 starting July 9, 2026 if the tenant does not vacate on or before July 8, 2026 · $67 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-095363-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 27, 2026$10,000
    • Tenant agreed termination
    • Substantial interference

    The landlord's application was resolved through mediation with a consent order. The parties agreed to terminate the tenancy on May 31, 2026, with the landlord paying the tenant $10,000 in compensation upon vacating.

    • Landlord agreed to pay compensation to the Tenant if the unit is vacated on or before May 31, 2026 · $10,000
    • Daily compensation of $23.54 starting June 1, 2026 if the Tenant fails to vacate · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087330-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardThe Estate of Ari WeisburgRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 27, 2026
    • Renovation and demolition

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for demolition was resolved through mediation with a consent order. The tenant agreed to vacate the rental unit on or before March 31, 2026.

    • Tenant to pay daily compensation of $21.37 per day starting April 1, 2026, if the unit is not vacated by March 31, 2026 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-091160-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardJoust Enterprises IncRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 27, 2026
    • Property damage

    The landlord and tenant settled the application through mediation, agreeing on consent to a payment schedule for $23,250.00 in out-of-pocket repair costs.

    • Damages · $23,250 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-096709-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant Board13315851 Canada Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 27, 2026$3,100 Deposit returned
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Tenant agreed termination

    The landlord and tenants reached a mediated consent agreement to terminate the tenancy on February 28, 2026. The order establishes the agreed arrears repayment terms, including a partial waiver if the tenants vacate on time.

    • Deposit returned · $3,100
    • Arrears · $12,400 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Daily compensation for use and occupation starting March 1, 2026 · $102 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-101570-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 26, 2026
    • Personal use eviction
    • Tenant agreed termination

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for purchaser's own use was resolved by mediated agreement on consent. The tenancy is terminated effective March 31, 2026.

    • Tenancy terminated on consent effective March 31, 2026 · to the landlord
    • Daily compensation for use of the unit starting April 1, 2026 if the tenant does not vacate by March 31, 2026 · $44 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-086927-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 26, 2026
    • Maintenance issues
    • Substantial interference

    The landlord's eviction application was resolved by a consent order following mediation. The tenancy continues on condition that the tenant promptly report pests and prepare the unit for pest control treatments.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Tenancy continues on condition that the tenant notify the landlord of pests and prepare the unit for pest control treatments · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087438-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardAllan Plaza Apartments Ltd.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 26, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The parties reached a mediated agreement consenting to terminate the tenancy on March 10, 2026. The tenant agreed to pay outstanding rent arrears and application costs totalling $6,279.44.

    • Arrears · $6,093 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105278-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardNew Glen InvestmentsRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 25, 2026
    • Substantial interference

    The landlord's eviction application for substantial interference was resolved on consent following mediation. The tenancy continues conditionally for 12 months subject to inspection, cleanliness, and pest control requirements.

    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Tenancy resolved on condition that the tenant maintain cleanliness, allow bi-monthly inspections, and cooperate with pest control for 12 months · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087095-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardPort Hope Property Management Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 25, 2026
    • Tenant agreed termination
    • Renovation and demolition
    • Utility costs

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for conversion to non-residential use was resolved through a mediated consent order. The parties agreed to end the tenancy on July 31, 2026, with the landlord providing rent waivers and waiving utility arrears.

    • Landlord shall compensate the Tenant in the form of a rent waiver against March 2026 rent
    • Daily compensation of $42.48 per day starting August 1, 2026 until the unit is vacated if tenant overholds · $42 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-100706-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • Decision against tenantFebruary 25, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for non-payment of rent was resolved on consent with a voidable eviction order. The tenant was ordered to pay arrears and costs of $2,163.68 by February 28, 2026, to avoid eviction.

    • Arrears · $1,978 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105155-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardKertmac IncRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 25, 2026
    • Property damage
    • Tenant agreed termination

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for damage was resolved by a mediated consent agreement. The parties agreed to terminate the tenancy effective April 30, 2026.

    • Daily compensation of $95.35 per day payable by the tenant if the unit is not vacated on or before April 30, 2026 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087275-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 24, 2026
    • Property damage
    • Substantial interference

    The landlord's application was resolved through a mediated consent order. The tenant agreed to pay $595.97 for repair costs by February 20, 2026, failing which the landlord may apply to evict under section 78.

    • Damages · $596 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087324-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant Board14199332 Canada Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 24, 2026$1,206 Damages
    • Personal use eviction

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for personal use was resolved through a mediated consent order. The parties agreed to terminate the tenancy effective April 30, 2026, with the landlord waiving rent for March 2026 as compensation.

    • Damages · $1,206
    • Tenant shall pay daily compensation of $39.65 starting May 1, 2026 until vacating if unit is not vacated on or before April 30, 2026 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-087123-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application for rent arrears and eviction was resolved through a mediated consent order. The tenancy continues subject to the tenant paying $4,914.00 in arrears over a 24-month payment plan.

    • Arrears · $4,914 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-101629-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardOttawa Community Housing Corp.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and tenant resolved the eviction application for non-payment of rent through mediation by agreeing to a payment schedule. The tenant must pay $4,475.10 in arrears and costs over 12 months while continuing to pay regular rent.

    • Arrears · $4,475 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105299-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant Board2711876 Ontario IncRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord applied to evict the tenant for non-payment of rent, but the parties reached a mediated settlement. On consent, the tenant was ordered to pay $186.00 in arrears and costs by February 28, 2026.

    • Arrears · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-102119-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardHomestead Land Holdings LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application for rent arrears and eviction was resolved through a mediated consent order establishing a payment plan.

    • Arrears · $4,115 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-102179-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardHomestead Land Holdings LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 20, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for rent arrears was resolved through a mediated consent order. The tenant agreed to pay $4,744.00 in arrears and costs according to a twelve-month payment schedule alongside ongoing rent.

    • Arrears · $4,744 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105280-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardArtisan Charitable FoundationRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 19, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and the tenant resolved the non-payment application through mediation, agreeing to a payment plan for $4,962.42 in rent arrears and costs. If the tenant fails to make any payment, the landlord may apply under section 78 to terminate the tenancy and evict the tenant without further notice.

    • Arrears · $4,962 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-105248-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardNew Glen InvestmentsRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 19, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord and tenant reached a mediated settlement regarding rent arrears. On consent, the tribunal established a monthly payment plan allowing the tenancy to continue.

    • Arrears · $10,247 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-102117-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardHomestead Land Holdings LimitedRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 19, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Maintenance issues

    The landlord's application for rent arrears was resolved by a mediated consent order establishing a payment plan for $5,610.00. The landlord also agreed to inspect the unit within 30 days to review maintenance issues.

    • Arrears · $5,610 · to the landlord
    • Landlord agreed to inspect the unit within 30 days to review maintenance issues
    LTB-L-105178-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardMcGivney Community Homes Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 19, 2026$825
    • Illegal charges or collection

    The parties reached a mediated settlement resolving the application, with the landlord agreeing to pay the tenant $825.00.

    • The Landlord shall pay the Tenant $825.00 on consent, with simple interest at 4.00% annually if not paid on time · $825
    LTB-T-063688-25 · T2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view Landlord, Sign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 18, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for non-payment of rent was resolved on consent following mediation. The tenant agreed to pay $3,498.95 in rent arrears through a six-month payment schedule.

    • Arrears · $3,499 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-101635-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardMetCap Living Management Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 17, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The parties agreed in mediation to resolve the landlord's non-payment application through a payment plan. The tenant is to pay $2,216.00 in arrears and costs across three installments in February 2026, failing which the landlord may apply to evict under section 78.

    • Arrears · $2,216 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-103193-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 17, 2026$1,782 Deposit returned
    • Non-payment of rent
    • Persistent late payment

    The landlord's applications for non-payment of rent and persistent late payment were resolved through a mediated consent order. The order terminates the tenancy unless the tenant voids the eviction by paying the outstanding arrears and filing fee by February 19, 2026, and requires rent to be paid on time through February 2027.

    • Deposit returned · $1,782
    • Deposit returned · $48
    • Arrears · $4,546 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    • Tenant shall pay rent on time and in full from March 1, 2026 to February 1, 2027 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-104603-25 · L1;L2Landlord and Tenant BoardRoyal York Shores (2663) Inc.Read the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 13, 2026$2,200 Damages
    • Personal use eviction

    The landlord's application to terminate the tenancy for personal use was resolved by a mediated consent agreement. The parties agreed to terminate the tenancy on March 31, 2026, with the landlord paying the tenant $2,200.00 in compensation.

    • Damages · $2,200
    LTB-L-105679-25 · L2Landlord and Tenant BoardSign in to view LandlordRead the order (PDF)
  • No finding against either partyFebruary 13, 2026
    • Non-payment of rent

    The landlord's application for non-payment of rent was resolved on consent following mediation. The tenancy will terminate unless the tenant voids the eviction order by paying $2,498.00 on or before February 28, 2026.

    • Arrears · $2,312 · to the landlord
    • Filing fee · $186 · to the landlord
    LTB-L-092440-25 · L1Landlord and Tenant BoardKinsmen Non Profit Housing CorporationRead the order (PDF)